Which type of safety is based on design criteria and standards?

The concept of safety that is founded on design criteria and standards is best represented by the term substantive safety. This type of safety focuses on ensuring that a product or system meets certain predefined standards and criteria during its design phase, which helps mitigate risks associated with its use.

Substantive safety emphasizes the need for thorough planning, engineering practices, and regulatory compliance to achieve an acceptable level of safety in various environments. This approach ensures that safety measures are embedded within the design rather than being treated as an afterthought, leading to more reliable systems and structures.

While nominal safety and operational safety address different aspects of safety management, they do not specifically imply adherence to design criteria and standards as the primary focus. Structural safety, on the other hand, relates more to the integrity of constructions and buildings rather than the design principles that underlie safety measures. This contextual understanding highlights the importance of substantive safety in road safety and various engineering practices.